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Table of Contents Essential Tree and Shrub Care Soil Prep and Border Refresh Best Trees and Shrubs for January Planting Managing Garden Maintenance January Gardening Round-Up FAQs January marks the start of a fresh gardening year. Although the days are short and much of the UK remains cold and still, this month offers more opportunities than many expect. Trees and shrubs are fully dormant, creating ideal conditions for winter planting, soil improvement, and essential maintenance. With bare-root season at its peak and cool, consistent moisture in the soil, young trees and hedging can establish strong root systems long before spring arrives. Beneath the surface, roots continue to grow whenever temperatures allow, making winter one of the most effective times to plant. The quieter pace also gives gardeners space to refresh borders, support newly planted specimens, and prepare their outdoor spaces for the months ahead. Whether you're adding structure, improving soil health, or protecting young plants from winter weather, these January gardening tips UK  will help you make the most of this often-underrated month. Essential January Tree and Shrub Care January is a pivotal month for caring for ornamental trees , shrubs , and hedging . With plants fully dormant, roots can develop quietly beneath the surface whenever soil temperatures rise above freezing. This makes winter an exceptional time for planting, watering, and stabilising young specimens. Winter Moisture Management Even though the weather is cold, many areas of the UK experience surprisingly dry spells in January, especially in sheltered or free-draining sites. Check moisture levels around newly planted trees and hedging; if the ground feels dry a few centimetres down, give a slow, deep drink on a frost-free day. This is especially important for evergreens such as Cherry Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) , Holly (Ilex aquifolium) , and Photinia ‘Red Robin’ (Photinia × fraseri ‘Red Robin’) , which continue transpiring through winter and benefit from occasional watering to prevent leaf scorch. Mulching for Stability and Root Protection A fresh layer of mulch placed around the base of trees and shrubs helps regulate soil temperature, reduces frost heave, and protects young root systems from fluctuating weather. Organic mulches like compost, bark fines, or leaf mould add long-term soil benefits as they break down. Keep mulch slightly away from stems to prevent damp-related problems. To learn more about choosing and applying mulch , the RHS offers an excellent winter mulching guide. Check Stakes and Supports After Storms Winter storms can loosen tree stakes or cause ties to rub against bark. Walk through your garden after windy weather and ensure stakes remain firm and upright. Loosen any ties that have become tight, and replace damaged supports promptly. A well-staked tree can withstand the heaviest January gales. Monitor Evergreen Stress Strong winds and harsh frosts can take a toll on evergreen shrubs and hedging . Watch for signs of leaf scorch, windburn, or desiccation. Temporary windbreak netting can offer protection in particularly exposed gardens, allowing evergreens to recover more easily. Expert Insight: Roots continue growing whenever the soil is above 5°C — even in midwinter — meaning trees planted in January often establish more quickly than those planted in spring. Soil Prep and Border Refresh Winter soil work is one of the most valuable ways to improve long-term garden health. January’s dormant conditions make it the perfect moment to boost soil structure without disturbing active roots. Clear Borders and Remove Weeds With herbaceous growth gone and borders more visible, now is the ideal time to remove persistent perennial weeds and clear any remaining debris. Healthy leaves can be added to compost heaps, while diseased material should be removed entirely. Tidying borders in January reduces overwintering pests and fungal spores. Add Organic Matter Without Digging Spread a generous layer of compost, well-rotted manure, or leaf mould across beds and around the base of trees and shrubs. There is no need to dig it in — winter rains and natural freeze–thaw cycles draw nutrients down into the soil. This process improves drainage, boosts structure, and prepares the garden for spring planting. Improve Drainage in Waterlogged Areas If certain borders remain saturated in winter, consider incorporating grit or additional organic matter to improve drainage. Raised beds or small grading adjustments can also help redirect excess water, protecting root systems from cold, stagnant conditions. The National Trust also shares useful winter gardening advice for keeping borders healthy and preparing soil for the coming season. Quick Fact: Walking on wet or frozen soil compresses air pockets, leading to compaction that slows root development — use boards to spread weight if access is unavoidable. What to Plant This Month January is one of the best months of the year for establishing bare-root trees, shrubs, and hedging , thanks to cool, moist soil and dormant root systems. Whether you’re planting for structure, colour, or wildlife, winter planting gives young trees an early advantage. Below are six excellent trees to plant in January UK , each offering long-term resilience and seasonal value. Rowan – Wildlife-Friendly Structure Sorbus aucuparia is a superb tree for winter and early spring planting. Its lightweight canopy, clusters of bright berries, and exceptional cold tolerance make it ideal for exposed sites. The berries feed birds through winter, while the tree’s slender shape suits gardens of any size. Bare-root specimens establish quickly during January’s cool, moist conditions Crab Apple – Decorative Blossom & Fruit Malus ‘Evereste’ is a favourite for ornamental gardens; it brings spring blossom, autumn fruit, and year-round appeal. Its persistent crab apples last well into winter, supporting wildlife when food is scarce. Winter planting allows the root system to settle before its early flowering season. Perfect for pollinator-friendly gardens and borders. Birch – Winter Light & Movement Betula pendula adds structure and elegance to winter landscapes with its pale bark and delicate branching. Highly tolerant of cold, it performs exceptionally well when planted bare-root in January. As it matures, it enhances garden biodiversity and offers an airy canopy that doesn’t overpower smaller spaces. Hazel – Productive and Wildlife-Rich Corylus avellana is ideal for hedging, coppicing, and wildlife-friendly planting. Its catkins appear in late winter, offering early pollen for bees. Planted in January, Hazel establishes quickly and responds well to coppicing in later years, making it a versatile addition to naturalistic gardens. Alder – Resilient Structure & Early Interest Alnus glutinosa  is a hardy, adaptable tree that establishes well when planted bare-root in winter. Its upright form, dark bark, and early catkins add subtle interest through the colder months, while its strong tolerance for wet or poor soils makes it ideal for challenging sites. Planted in January, Alder settles quickly and provides reliable structure and wildlife value as it matures. Hawthorn – Hardy Native Hedging Crataegus monogyna is one of a few hedging species that establish as well as Hawthorn when planted bare-root in winter. A tough, fast-growing native hedge plant, it provides nectar-rich flowers in spring, dense summer foliage, and berries in autumn. January planting ensures rapid establishment and strong early growth. Planting for Lasting Impact Planting in January isn’t just about filling gaps — it’s about building the long-term structure and resilience of your outdoor space. Bare-root trees thrive in the cool, moist conditions of midwinter, sending out strong roots while still dormant. By planting now, your new trees will be well established before spring arrives, ready to withstand summer heat, dry spells, and winter winds in the years ahead. Whether you're creating a focal point, strengthening a boundary, or adding wildlife-friendly species, January offers one of the best windows of the year for planting. Many trees planted now — from Whitebeam (Sorbus aria ‘Lutescens’) to Field Maple (Acer campestre) — will reward you with blossom, foliage, and seasonal interest as the year progresses, while developing the long-lasting structure that defines a thriving garden. For further guidance on winter tree planting and establishment, the Tree Council offers clear advice for gardeners at every level. Compact Options for Smaller Gardens If you're working with limited space, smaller trees and shrubs planted in January can still bring strong structure and seasonal interest without overwhelming your outdoor area. Chinese Dogwood (Cornus kousa ‘Chinensis’) is a superb compact choice, offering spring blossom and autumn fruit on a tidy crown. Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum ‘Ariadne’) also works beautifully in small gardens, adding winter catkins and supporting wildlife through the year. For elegant form, Tatarian Maple (Acer ginnala ‘Merlot Magic’®) provides light movement and slender branching that brightens even the darkest winter days. Planting now gives these compact species time to settle before growth begins in spring, ensuring a strong, healthy start to the year ahead. Top Tip: Move vulnerable containers close to the house where they benefit from radiated warmth and shelter from direct wind. Managing Garden Maintenance January’s maintenance tasks focus on protection, structure, and preparing the garden for the growing months ahead. While growth is slow, this is an excellent moment to address potential issues before spring arrives. Light Pruning and Structural Work Now is an excellent time for assessing the shape of ornamental and fruit trees alike, as their bare branches make structural pruning much easier. Light formative pruning on young ornamental trees — such as removing rubbing, crossing, or damaged branches — helps create a balanced framework before spring growth begins. Apples and pears can also be pruned now to maintain an open structure and encourage healthy fruiting. Avoid pruning any stone fruit, including ornamental cherries and plums , as these are best left until summer to prevent silver leaf disease. Deciduous hedges can be tidied lightly at this time of year, while major renovation pruning is best saved for late winter. Firm in Young Plants and Hedging Winter’s freeze–thaw cycles can loosen the soil around newly planted trees, shrubs, and hedging whips, occasionally lifting them slightly from the ground. After cold spells, walk along borders and hedge lines and gently press the soil back around their base. This simple task — often called “firming in” — ensures the roots stay in close contact with the soil, preventing wind rock and helping young plants establish securely before spring. Clear Debris to Reduce Disease Clearing away fallen leaves and old plant material at this time of year helps reduce the spread of fungal diseases. Pay particular attention to roses, fruit trees , and other plants prone to blackspot, rust, or mildew, as debris can harbour spores over winter. Keeping borders, lawns, and the base of trees tidy now prevents problems later and encourages healthier growth when the weather begins to warm. Frost and Snow Protection Cold snaps and snowfall can place extra stress on young or sensitive plants. Brush heavy snow from conifers, hedging, and multi-stem shrubs to prevent branches from splaying or snapping under the weight. A layer of mulch helps insulate the root zone and reduces frost heave, while horticultural fleece offers quick protection during sudden or prolonged frosts. Greenhouse & Shed Maintenance Mild winter days offer an opportunity to ventilate the greenhouse, reducing humidity and wiping away condensation that can encourage mould. Removing dead foliage and spent material keeps the space healthy for overwintering plants. It’s also a useful moment to sharpen tools , organise pots and supports, and check heaters or insulation, helping everything run smoothly when spring activity begins. Gardeners’ World has a useful winter greenhouse checklist for maintaining airflow, hygiene, and equipment. Expert Insight: A clean, well-ventilated greenhouse in January dramatically reduces grey mould and fungal issues during late winter propagation. January Garden Round-Up January may look quiet on the surface, but it’s one of the most influential months for setting your garden up for success. Bare-root planting is at its peak, offering the best opportunity to add new hedging, feature trees , or wildlife-friendly species. Soil improvement, clearing borders, and maintaining supports help create a healthy foundation for spring growth. Protective tasks such as mulching, checking stakes , clearing snow, and supporting containers ensure your garden weathers winter safely. Meanwhile, pruning apples and pears, preparing tools , and refining your planting plans make the most of the slower pace of the season. By completing these essential January gardening tips UK , you'll enter spring with stronger plants, healthier soil, and a garden ready to burst into life. FAQs What trees can I plant in January in the UK? January is an excellent month for planting bare-root trees, as cool, moist soil helps roots establish quickly. Hardy species such as Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), Silver Birch (Betula pendula), Crab Apple (Malus ‘Evereste’), Alder (Alnus glutinosa), and Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) all transplant well at this time of year. Plant while the ground is workable and not frozen. Is January too late to plant hedging? Not at all — it’s one of the best times. Bare-root hedging varieties such as Hawthorn, Hazel, Blackthorn, and mixed native hedging establish strongly in January’s cool conditions. Plant as long as the soil isn’t frozen or waterlogged, and firm in any whips that lift during cold spells. Can I prune trees in January? You can prune apples and pears now, as winter makes their structure easy to see. Light formative pruning on young ornamental trees is also suitable. Avoid pruning any Prunus species, including ornamental cherries and plums, until summer to prevent silver leaf disease. How do I protect my plants from frost? Apply mulch to insulate roots, keep horticultural fleece handy for sudden temperature drops, and wrap vulnerable pots to reduce freezing. Brush heavy snow from conifers, hedging, and multi-stem shrubs to prevent branches from bending or snapping. Should I water my garden in winter? Water only during frost-free spells and mainly for newly planted trees, hedging, and evergreens. These plants can dry out even in winter winds. Avoid watering when the soil is frozen to prevent root damage. What greenhouse jobs can I do in January? Ventilate the greenhouse on mild days to reduce humidity, clear away dead foliage, check heaters and insulation, and wipe down glass to limit condensation. It’s also a good time to clean pots, sharpen tools, and prepare for early spring sowing.

If you’re planning to plant a new hedge (BN11) or fill gaps in an existing hedge (BN7), the good news is that the Countryside Stewardship application is much simpler than it looks. You don’t need to wade through pages of DEFRA guidance — this step-by-step guide takes you through the exact process farmers need to follow for the 2026 Capital Grants round. 1. Confirm Your Hedge Plan Before you start your application, make sure you’ve already: ✔ Checked you’re eligible ✔ Decided whether it’s BN11 (new hedge) or BN7 (gapping-up) ✔ Measured the hedge length in metres ✔ Walked the line to check access, slopes, gateways and livestock issues This will make mapping and application much faster. 2. Create Your Hedge Map (Required for BN11 & BN7) Every application must include a map  showing the hedge line. It doesn’t need to be professional — just clear. Your map must show: The field parcel number The exact hedge route  (a drawn line) Start and end points Length in metres Whether it’s BN11  or BN7 Any relevant notes (steep banks, streams, access issues) Acceptable types of maps: ✔ MAGIC Map print-out ✔ Rural Payments Service map ✔ A clear hand-drawn farm map (photo upload accepted) Tip: Keep a photo of your marked-up map — you’ll also need it when claiming payment after planting. 3. Log In to the Rural Payments Service (RPA) Before you apply: ✔ Log in to your Rural Payments Service  account ✔ Check your business details ✔ Make sure your land parcels  are accurately mapped ✔ Add an agent or adviser if needed ✔ Update contact details so you don’t miss RPA emails Incorrect land codes are one of the most common causes of delays. 4. Gather Your Required Evidence For BN11 and BN7, it’s helpful to prepare: For BN11 – New Hedge Planting A site photo of the proposed hedge line Your annotated map For BN7 – Gapping-Up Photos showing the existing hedge  and gaps Your annotated map You may also need: Landowner permission (if renting) Any consents required for SSSI, Scheduled Monuments, or protected sites Quotes (sometimes requested by advisers) This preparation makes the application quick once the window opens. 5. Submit Your Application (When the Countryside Stewardship Capital Grants 2026 window opens – usually spring) Once applications open: Log in to the Rural Payments Service Choose “Capital Grants” Select your items: BN11 — New Hedge Planting BN7 — Hedgerow Gapping-Up Enter the exact length  of each section Upload your map Check totals and confirm Submit your application You’ll receive confirmation from the RPA when your application is received and when it’s approved. 6. Order Your Plants After Approval Once approved, you can order your planting stock. Bowhayes Trees supplies: CS-compliant native hedge packs Species mixes that meet BN11 rules (5+ species, max 70% hawthorn) BN7 gap-fill species matches Hedgerow trees (HRW3-compatible) Guards, stakes and planting accessories Ordering early ensures you receive your plants in your preferred window (Nov–March). 7. Plant During the Correct Season (Nov–March) After your application is approved and plants arrive: ✔ Plant in the winter season ✔ Use a double-staggered row ✔ 5–7 plants per metre ✔ Native-only mix ✔ Keep evidence as you go (photos & invoices) You’ll use this evidence later for your RPA claim. If you’re new to hedge planting, see our full “ How to Plant a Countryside Stewardship Hedge”   guide (coming next). 8. Submit Your Claim After Planting To receive your payment: Log in to Rural Payments Upload photos  showing the hedge planted Upload your Bowhayes Trees invoice Submit your claim before the deadline Most BN11 and BN7 claims are processed quickly when the evidence is clear. ⭐ Simple BN11/BN7 Application Checklist Before Applying ✔ Measure hedge length ✔ Create your map ✔ Check parcel data ✔ Take site photos ✔ Confirm BN11 or BN7 During Application ✔ Select the correct item ✔ Enter lengths carefully ✔ Upload map ✔ Submit online After Approval ✔ Order hedging plants ✔ Plant between Nov–March ✔ Keep evidence for claims 🌱 How to Apply for BN11 & BN7: Final Thoughts Applying for BN11 or BN7 doesn’t have to be complicated. With a clear map, the right hedge measurements and a quick online submission, the process is surprisingly straightforward — and the funding can make a real difference to your winter planting plans. If you're preparing your application, Bowhayes Trees can help with: Native hedge packs designed for BN11 & BN7 Hedgerow trees and accessories CS-compliant species mixes Friendly, practical advice for farmers Ready to plant? Explore our hedge packs or move on to the next guide: 👉 How to Plant a Countryside Stewardship Hedge ( BN11 & BN7 Planting Guide )

Once your BN11 or BN7 application has been approved and your plants have arrived, it’s time to get them in the ground. Planting a Countryside Stewardship hedge is straightforward when you follow the correct specification — and getting it right ensures your claim is accepted without issues. This guide walks you through everything you need to know, from spacing to species mix, so you can plant a healthy, compliant hedge that thrives for years to come. 1. Know the Requirements (BN11 & BN7 Rules) Countryside Stewardship hedges must be planted according to the official specification: ✔ Double-staggered row Two rows, offset, forming a strong structure. ✔ 5–7 plants per metre This ensures density and good long-term shape. ✔ Native species only Required for both BN11 (new hedges) and BN7 (gapping-up). ✔ Maximum 70% hawthorn And at least four other native species  for BN11. ✔ Plant between November and March This is the accepted bare-root planting season. Bowhayes Trees' hedge packs are designed to meet these requirements automatically. 2. Prepare the Ground Good preparation makes a big difference to your young hedge. ✔ Mark out your hedge line Use string, canes, or spray paint to set your line accurately. ✔ Remove weeds and grass Clear a strip about 40–60cm wide  to reduce competition. ✔ Improve poorly drained ground If drainage is slow, create a shallow trench to lift the root zone slightly. ✔ Keep livestock off the line Young hedges need protection from sheep, cattle, deer, and rabbits. 3. Set Out Your Plants Spacing Two staggered rows , 30–40cm apart 5–7 plants per metre  (usually 6 per metre) Plants offset  rather than in straight opposing lines Species mix For BN11: Max 70% hawthorn Minimum 4 other species (e.g., blackthorn, hazel, field maple, spindle, dog rose). For BN7: Match or improve the existing hedge species Bowhayes’ CS-compliant mixes make this simple. 4. Planting Your Hedge Bare-root plants are quick and easy to plant. ✔ Create a slit or T-shaped notch with a spade Open the soil enough for the roots to fit comfortably. ✔ Position the plant at the correct depth The soil should cover all the roots up to the nursery soil line. ✔ Firm the soil around the roots Press with your boot to remove air pockets and stabilise the plant. ✔ Water well (especially in dry spells) Even winter-planted hedges benefit from watering during dry periods. 5. Add Guards and Protection Young hedges are highly vulnerable. Recommended protection: Spiral guards  for hedging whips Stakes or bamboo canes  for stability Tree shelters  for hedgerow trees Rabbit netting  if rabbits are an issue Stock fencing  if livestock graze nearby Protection dramatically increases success rates and is often essential for BN11 claims. 6. Mulch and Weed Control To help your hedge establish: ✔ Apply a light mulch (woodchip or composted bark) ✔ Avoid piling mulch against stems ✔ Weed regularly during the first 2–3 years ✔ Maintain at least a 40–60cm weed-free strip This reduces competition and speeds up establishment. 7. Evidence for Your Countryside Stewardship Claim As you plant, take the following evidence — you’ll need it to claim payment: ✔ Photos of the hedge after planting Show clear sections, guards, and the double row. ✔ Photos of the hedge line from multiple angles Include start and end points. ✔ A copy of your Bowhayes Trees invoice Keep it safe until you submit your claim. ✔ Optional: date-stamped photos or planting logs Useful if RPA requests extra information. Keeping evidence throughout planting avoids delays during reimbursement. 8. First-Year Aftercare (Essential for Inspections) In the first 12 months: ✔ Replace failed plants ✔ Keep the line weed-free ✔ Maintain guards and fences ✔ Water during dry periods ✔ Avoid trimming until the hedge is well established ✔ Keep livestock away from the hedge A well-maintained first year sets the hedge up for decades of growth. ⭐ Quick Planting Checklist (Print or Save) Double-staggered row 5–7 plants per metre Native species only Plant Nov–March Max 70% hawthorn Protect from livestock & rabbits Mulch and weed control Photo evidence taken Keep your invoice for claims 🌱 Final Thoughts Planting a Countryside Stewardship hedge under BN11 or BN7 is a rewarding project that enhances your farm’s landscape, biodiversity and shelter. With the right planting method and good aftercare, your hedge will establish quickly and provide long-term value — and meet RPA inspection standards with ease. Bowhayes Trees can support your planting with: CS-compliant hedge packs Hedgerow trees Stakes, guards, and planting accessories Friendly, practical advice throughout the process If you're now ready to order your plants, explore our native hedge packs or get in touch for tailored recommendations.

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